The administration of a deceased estate can often be a complex and emotionally challenging process. Understanding the legal steps involved is essential to ensure that the estate is administered efficiently, lawfully, and without unnecessary delay. A deceased estate refers to the totality of a deceased person’s assets and liabilities, which must be properly managed and distributed in accordance with the law.

Below is a practical guide outlining the key steps involved in administering a deceased estate in Zimbabwe.

Step 1: Notification of Death to the Master of the High Court
The process begins with formally notifying the Master of the High Court of the death.

The following documents must be submitted:

• A Death Notice, setting out the deceased’s personal details (including marital status and dependants)
• An Inventory of Assets, indicating the estate’s assets and estimated values
• The Will (if one exists), together with an application by the nominated executor
• The Death Certificate
• The Marriage Certificate (where applicable)

This step initiates the legal administration process.

Step 2: Edict Meeting (Where There is No Will)
Where the deceased died intestate (without a valid Will), an edict meeting is convened.

• The Master sets a date upon payment of the prescribed fees
• The meeting is attended by relatives of the deceased
• It is presided over by the Master or his representative

The purpose of the edict meeting is to identify beneficiaries and appoint an executor to administer the estate.

Step 3: Appointment of an Executor/Executrix
The Master appoints an executor through the issuance of Letters of Administration.

These letters:

• Confer legal authority on the executor
• Enable the executor to act on behalf of the estate
• Allow the executor to manage, protect, and distribute the estate assets

Without this appointment, no person has authority to deal with the estate.

Step 4: Administration of the Estate
Once appointed, the executor is responsible for:

• Identifying and valuing all assets and liabilities
• Preparing and submitting a detailed Executor’s Inventory
• Determining the rightful beneficiaries in terms of the Will or applicable law
• Managing and preserving estate assets

This stage is critical, as it forms the foundation for proper distribution.

Step 5: Liquidation and Distribution Account
The executor must prepare a Liquidation and Distribution Account, which reflects:

• The assets of the estate
• The liabilities (including debts and expenses)
• The proposed distribution to beneficiaries

The process is as follows:
(a) The account is submitted to the Master for approval after payment of estate expenses ie. Masters Fees, Estate duty etc
(b) Once approved, it is advertised for public inspection
(c) Interested parties are given an opportunity to raise objections

If no objections are raised, the account becomes final.

Step 6: Distribution of the Estate
After the inspection period:

• The executor pays all creditors
• Distributes assets to heirs and legatees
• Ensures full compliance with the approved account

Proof of distribution is then submitted to the Master.

Step 7: Finalisation and Discharge
Once the Master is satisfied that the estate has been properly administered:

• The executor is formally discharged from their duties
• The estate administration process is brought to a close

Administering a deceased estate involves a structured legal process designed to ensure that assets are properly accounted for, liabilities settled, and beneficiaries receive their rightful inheritance. While the process may appear straightforward, it often requires careful legal oversight to avoid delays, disputes, or non-compliance.

If you require assistance on administration of deceased estates, our team would be pleased to assist on info@mmmlawfrim.co.zw.